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Hampi -- East-central Karnataka
Hampi,
also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage
Site located in east-central Karnataka, India.It became the centre of the Hindu
Vijayanagara Empire capital in the 14th century.Chronicles left by Persian and
European travelers, particularly the Portuguese, state Hampi was a
prosperous, wealthy and grand city near the Tungabhadra River, with numerous
temples, farms and trading markets. By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the
world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's
richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal.The
Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by a coalition of Muslim sultanates; its
capital was conquered, pillaged and destroyed by sultanate armies in 1565,
after which Hampi remained in ruins. Hampi predates the Vijayanagara
Empire; there is evidence of Ashokan epigraphy, and it is mentioned in the
Ramayana and the Puranas of Hinduism as Pampaa Devi Tirtha Kshetra.Hampi
continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple,
an active Adi Shankara-linked monastery and various monuments belonging to the
old city.
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